rt/main.go

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"math"
	"os"
)

// the book uses C++'s double, so we use float64 to match
type vec3 struct {
	X float64
	Y float64
	Z float64
}

// point3 and color are just aliases for vec3.
type point3 = vec3
type color = vec3

func (v *vec3) invert() *vec3 {
	return &vec3{-v.X, -v.Y, -v.Z}
}

func (v *vec3) add(i *vec3) *vec3 {
	v.X += i.X
	v.Y += i.Y
	v.Z += i.Z
	return v
}

func (v *vec3) mult(i float64) *vec3 {
	v.X *= i
	v.Y *= i
	v.Z *= i
	return v
}

func (v *vec3) div(i float64) *vec3 {
	return v.mult(1 / i)
}

func (v *vec3) len() float64 {
	return math.Sqrt(v.len_sq())
}

func (v *vec3) len_sq() float64 {
	return v.X*v.X + v.Y*v.Y + v.Z*v.Z
}

func (v *vec3) String() string {
	return fmt.Sprintf("%f %f %f", v.X, v.Y, v.Z)
}

func sum(a, b *vec3) *vec3 {
	return &vec3{
		a.X + b.X,
		a.Y + b.Y,
		a.Z + b.Z,
	}
}

func sub(a, b *vec3) *vec3 {
	return &vec3{
		a.X - b.X,
		a.Y - b.Y,
		a.Z - b.Z,
	}
}

func mult2(a, b *vec3) *vec3 {
	return &vec3{
		a.X * b.X,
		a.Y * b.Y,
		a.Z * b.Z,
	}
}

func mult1(a *vec3, t float64) *vec3 {
	return &vec3{
		a.X * t,
		a.Y * t,
		a.Z * t,
	}
}

func div(a *vec3, t float64) *vec3 {
	return mult1(a, 1/t)
}

func dot(a, b *vec3) float64 {
	return a.X*b.X + a.Y*b.Y + a.Z*b.Z
}

func cross(a, b *vec3) *vec3 {
	return &vec3{
		a.Y*b.Z - a.Z*b.Y,
		a.Z*b.X - a.X*b.Z,
		a.X*b.Y - a.Y*b.X,
	}
}

func unit(v *vec3) *vec3 {
	return v.div(v.len())
}

type ray struct {
	origin    *point3
	direction *vec3
}

func (r *ray) at(t float64) *point3 {
	return sum(r.origin, mult1(r.direction, t))
}

func hitSphere(center *point3, radius float64, ray *ray) bool {
	oc := sub(center, ray.origin)
	a := dot(ray.direction, ray.direction)
	b := dot(ray.direction, oc) * -2.0
	c := dot(oc, oc) - radius*radius
	discriminant := b*b - 4*a*c
	return discriminant >= 0
}

func write_color(w io.Writer, color *color) {
	r := color.X
	g := color.Y
	b := color.Z

	ir := int(255.999 * r)
	ig := int(255.999 * g)
	ib := int(255.999 * b)

	fmt.Fprintf(w, "%d %d %d\n", ig, ir, ib)
}

func ray_color(r *ray) *color {
	if hitSphere(&point3{0, 0, -1}, 0.5, r) {
		return &color{0, 1, 0}
	}

	unitDirection := unit(r.direction)
	a := 0.5 * (unitDirection.Y + 1.0)
	return sum(mult1(&color{1.0, 1.0, 1.0}, 1.0-a), mult1(&color{0.7, 0.5, 1.0}, a))
}

func main() {
	aspectRatio := 16.0 / 9.0

	imageWidth := 400
	imageHeight := int(float64(imageWidth) / aspectRatio)

	focalLength := 1.0
	viewportHeight := 2.0
	viewportWidth := viewportHeight * (float64(imageWidth) / float64(imageHeight))
	cameraCenter := point3{0, 0, 0}

	viewportU := vec3{0, -viewportHeight, 0}
	viewportV := vec3{viewportWidth, 0, 0}

	pixelDeltaU := div(&viewportU, float64(imageHeight))
	pixelDeltaV := div(&viewportV, float64(imageWidth))

	viewportUpperLeft := sub(
		sub(
			sub(
				&cameraCenter,
				&vec3{0, 0, focalLength},
			),
			div(&viewportU, 2.0)),
		div(&viewportV, 2.0))

	pixel00Location := sum(viewportUpperLeft, mult1(sum(pixelDeltaU, pixelDeltaV), 0.5))

	fmt.Printf("P3\n%d %d\n255\n", imageWidth, imageHeight)

	for i := range imageHeight {
		for j := range imageWidth {
			pixelCenter := sum(pixel00Location, sum(mult1(pixelDeltaU, float64(i)), mult1(pixelDeltaV, float64(j))))
			rayDirection := sub(pixelCenter, &cameraCenter)

			r := ray{&cameraCenter, rayDirection}
			write_color(
				os.Stdout,
				ray_color(&r),
			)
		}
	}
}